294 (1955)) only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed". However, the decision's 14 pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in Brown II ( 349 U.S. The Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal", and therefore laws that impose them violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. In May 1954, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous 9–0 decision in favor of the Browns. The Browns, represented by NAACP chief counsel Thurgood Marshall, then appealed the ruling directly to the Supreme Court.
District Court for the District of Kansas rendered a verdict against the Browns, relying on the precedent of Plessy and its "separate but equal" doctrine.
federal court against the Topeka Board of Education, alleging that its segregation policy was unconstitutional. The Browns and twelve other local black families in similar situations filed a class-action lawsuit in U.S. The underlying case began in 1951 when the public school system in Topeka, Kansas, refused to enroll local black resident Oliver Brown's daughter at the elementary school closest to their home, instead requiring her to ride a bus to a segregated black school farther away. The Court's decision in Brown paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that had come to be known as " separate but equal". Ferguson, which had held that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. The decision partially overruled the Court's 1896 decision Plessy v. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Richmond County Board of Education (1899)īrown v. This case overturned a previous ruling or rulingsĬumming v. District Court of Kansas reversed.Ĭhief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. 1955) motion to intervene granted, 84 F.R.D.
1951) probable jurisdiction noted, 344 U.S.
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